【广东成考】高起点复习资料英语--后缀
b. 转化法
b. 转化法:
一个单词字母不加减但一词多性及多意。常见规则有:
n.----v. 在英语单词中极为普遍,如book(n. 书)----(v.预定)
v.---n. rest(have a rest) visit(pay a visit) break(take a break)
adj.---v. slow(slow down)
c. 派生法:
在一个单词前后加固定的字母组合使其词性或词义发生有规律的改变。
前缀:
词根加前缀多数不改变词性,只引起词义的变化,也有少数前缀例外,通常一个词根只能加一个前缀。
l 反意常见的前缀:
un-,dis-,in-(im-,il-,ir-是in-的变体,用于首字母是m,p,l,r的单词),de- 等,
有一个特殊的后缀-less也可以表示反意。
l 表示其它意义常见的前缀:
bi- 双;mid-中; mini-小;multi-多;non-非,不;pre-\fore-先,前;post-后;re-再;sub- 下,次。
但是某个单词需要加以上哪个前缀并无规律可循,主要靠平时积累
后缀:
词根加后缀多数不改变词义,只引起词性的变化,也有少数后缀例外,一个词根可以加多个后缀。
l 后缀词性转换规则表
动词(v.)名词(n.)形容词(adj.)副词(adv.) -ance-ant-antly -ence-ent-ently-t(e)-tion-tional\-tive\-ted-tionally\-tively-d(e)-sion-sive-sively -ics-ic-ically -ability-able-ably -ibility--ible-ibly -fulness\lessness-ful\-less-fully\lessly-ize-ization-ized -ify-ification-ified
l 后缀词性转换规则公式
n.+al=adj. nation---national tradition--traditional
v.+al=n. arrive---arrival survive--survival
n.+ly=adj. friend---friendly month--monthly
adj.+ly=adv. kind---kindly careful--carefully
en- +n.=v. danger--endanger title--entitle
en- +adj.=v. large--enlarge rich--enrich
n. + -en=adj. gold--olden wood--wooden
adj. +-en=v. short--shorten sharp--sharpen
B.练习解析
1.把下列动词变名词,并译成汉语:
A. teach----teacher work---worker wait ---waiter(waitress) fight---fighter
speak---speaker win---winner play---player build---builder drive---driver
dance---dancer lead---leader murder---murderer
think---thinker write---writer
B. state---station liberate---liberation relate---relation
prepare---preparation discuss---discussion
direct---direction act---actor---(actress)---action---activity
operate---operation---operator invent---invention---inventor imagine---imagination
2. 把下列单词变成形容词,并译成汉语:
A. care---careful---careless help---helped---helpful---helpless
use---used---useful---useless thank---thankful
success---successful power---powerful
B. sun---sunny cloud---cloudy rain---rainy wind---windy
dirt---dirty luck---lucky health---healthy
C. fright<, u="">en---frightening---frightened wound---wounded
worry---worried unite---united please---pleased
disappoint---disappointing--- disappointed
surprise--- surprising--- surprised prepare---prepared
3. 把下列形容词变成副词,并译成汉语:
quick—quickly quiet---quietly careful---carefully
bad---badly slow---slowly wide---widely
sad---sadly wonderful---wonderfully recent---recently
firm---firmly complete---completely deep---deeply
angry---angrily easy---easily true---truly fair---fairly
direct---directly great---greatly actual---actually
exact---exactly perfect---perfectly slight---slightly
certain---certainly gentle---gently shy---shyly near---nearly
b. 转化法:
一个单词字母不加减但一词多性及多意。常见规则有:
n.----v. 在英语单词中极为普遍,如book(n. 书)----(v.预定)
v.---n. rest(have a rest) visit(pay a visit) break(take a break)
adj.---v. slow(slow down)
c. 派生法:
在一个单词前后加固定的字母组合使其词性或词义发生有规律的改变。
前缀:
词根加前缀多数不改变词性,只引起词义的变化,也有少数前缀例外,通常一个词根只能加一个前缀。
l 反意常见的前缀:
un-,dis-,in-(im-,il-,ir-是in-的变体,用于首字母是m,p,l,r的单词),de- 等,
有一个特殊的后缀-less也可以表示反意。
l 表示其它意义常见的前缀:
bi- 双;mid-中; mini-小;multi-多;non-非,不;pre-\fore-先,前;post-后;re-再;sub- 下,次。
但是某个单词需要加以上哪个前缀并无规律可循,主要靠平时积累
后缀:
词根加后缀多数不改变词义,只引起词性的变化,也有少数后缀例外,一个词根可以加多个后缀。
l 后缀词性转换规则表
动词(v.)名词(n.)形容词(adj.)副词(adv.) -ance-ant-antly -ence-ent-ently-t(e)-tion-tional\-tive\-ted-tionally\-tively-d(e)-sion-sive-sively -ics-ic-ically -ability-able-ably -ibility--ible-ibly -fulness\lessness-ful\-less-fully\lessly-ize-ization-ized -ify-ification-ified
l 后缀词性转换规则公式
n.+al=adj. nation---national tradition--traditional
v.+al=n. arrive---arrival survive--survival
n.+ly=adj. friend---friendly month--monthly
adj.+ly=adv. kind---kindly careful--carefully
en- +n.=v. danger--endanger title--entitle
en- +adj.=v. large--enlarge rich--enrich
n. + -en=adj. gold--olden wood--wooden
adj. +-en=v. short--shorten sharp--sharpen
B.练习解析
1.把下列动词变名词,并译成汉语:
A. teach----teacher work---worker wait ---waiter(waitress) fight---fighter
speak---speaker win---winner play---player build---builder drive---driver
dance---dancer lead---leader murder---murderer
think---thinker write---writer
B. state---station liberate---liberation relate---relation
prepare---preparation discuss---discussion
direct---direction act---actor---(actress)---action---activity
operate---operation---operator invent---invention---inventor imagine---imagination
2. 把下列单词变成形容词,并译成汉语:
A. care---careful---careless help---helped---helpful---helpless
use---used---useful---useless thank---thankful
success---successful power---powerful
B. sun---sunny cloud---cloudy rain---rainy wind---windy
dirt---dirty luck---lucky health---healthy
C. fright<, u="">en---frightening---frightened wound---wounded
worry---worried unite---united please---pleased
disappoint---disappointing--- disappointed
surprise--- surprising--- surprised prepare---prepared
3. 把下列形容词变成副词,并译成汉语:
quick—quickly quiet---quietly careful---carefully
bad---badly slow---slowly wide---widely
sad---sadly wonderful---wonderfully recent---recently
firm---firmly complete---completely deep---deeply
angry---angrily easy---easily true---truly fair---fairly
direct---directly great---greatly actual---actually
exact---exactly perfect---perfectly slight---slightly
certain---certainly gentle---gently shy---shyly near---nearly
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